Charles W. Carter

This study shows that both ATP and Mg2+ are required for high-affinity indolmycin binding to human mitochondrial TrpRS, revealing structural and thermodynamic similarities to bacterial TrpRS.

The paper develops substitution models that account for changes in the coding alphabet size over time, finding support for a reduced ancient alphabet in old proteins and rejecting it in young ones.

This paper introduces a probabilistic framework to detect evolutionary bursts during branching events, showing evidence in proteins, morphologies, and languages.

This paper shows that E. coli deletes specific domains from a double-mutant leucyl-tRNA synthetase gene in vivo, similar to in vitro deletions that create the LeuAC urzyme, suggesting a mechanism for ancestral enzyme evolution.

AARS Online provides a curated database of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with sequence, structure, and evolutionary information, accessible via an interactive platform.

The paper explores how Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases discriminated between tRNA substrates, leading to the formation of the first cognate pairs and the origin of genetic coding.