Simulations predict that alterations in balance control contribute to the higher cost of walking with a prosthesis
Wouter Muijres, Maarten Afschrift, Renaud Ronsse, Tom Van Wouwe, Friedl De Groote
The paper uses simulations to show that passive prostheses increase walking effort for both propulsion and stabilization, while active prostheses reduce effort but require full sensory feedback to fully restore metabolic cost.
bioRxiv · Sep 7, 2026 · PreprintSystems Biology