Multiple mechanisms regulate the nanoscale organization of PD-L1 at the cell surface
Guus A. Franken, Abbey B. Arp, Dora Čerina, Veerle van Esch, Blanca Scheijen, Annemiek B. van Spriel
This study investigates how PD-L1 is organized into nanoscale clusters on tumor cell surfaces and identifies actin cytoskeleton, galectin-3, and cholesterol as key regulators of its spatial arrangement and function.
bioRxiv · Aug 31, 2026 · PreprintCancer Biology