Dichotomous SMAD2/3 regulation and selective anti-hypertrophic activity of heparin during in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells
Sven Christian Schmidt, Safak Chasan, Helen F. Dietmar, Felicia A. M. Klampfleuthner, Tilman Walker, Uwe Freudenberg, Wiltrud Richter, Solvig Diederichs
This study shows that heparin promotes endochondral differentiation of MSCs in vitro but chondral development in vivo, with selective anti-hypertrophic effects through SMAD2/3 regulation.
bioRxiv · Sep 2, 2025 · PreprintCell Biology