Imaging FDG PET/CT Study of Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor α2 Knock-Out Mice and α2 Hypersensitive Mice Compared to Control Mice: Male-Female Differences and Nicotine Effects

Abstract

ObjectiveNicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChRs), comprising of and {beta} subunits are present in the brain and whole body. The less abundant 2-subunit is a fast-acting receptor subtype and plays an important role in cognition and learning. To understand cellular functional consequences, this study evaluated glucose metabolism using [18F]FDG PET/CT in 2 knockout (2KO) and 2 hypersensitive (2HS) mice. MethodsControl (CN; 4M, 4F), 2 knockout (2KO; 4M, 4F) and 2 hypersensitive (2HS; 4M,4F), 12-16 month old mice were used. Mice were fasted and injected with [18F]FDG (3-5 MBq) while awake. After 40 minutes they underwent whole body PET/CT. On a separate day, nicotine challenge [18F]FDG studies were done. Reconstructed images were analyzed to obtain standard uptake values (SUV) of [18F]FDG in brain and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). Statistical analysis was performed. ResultsThe 2HS male mice exhibited the largest brain increase in [18F]FDG compared to 2KO male mice. The rank order of brain [18F]FDG uptake in the 3 groups: 2HS[male]> CN[male]> 2KO[male]> CN[female]= 2KO[female][≥] 2HS[female]. Nicotine treatment reduced brain [18F]FDG uptake in all mice. Females had lower [18F]FDG uptake compared to males and were less sensitive to 2 nAChR. In the case of IBAT, 2KO mice had significantly higher baseline [18F]FDG uptake compared to the other two groups: 2KO[male]> 2KO[female]> 2HS[female]> 2HS[male]> CN[female]> CN[male]. Nicotine decreased IBAT in 2KO mice rather than increase as observed in CN and 2HS mice. Conclusions2 nAChRs plays a significant role in brain activation as exhibited by the increase in [18F]FDG in 2HS mice. In the absence of regulatory control by the 2 nAChR, the 2KO mice IBAT exhibited higher [18F]FDG IBAT compared to controls and 2HS mice. Female mice were less affected by nicotine compared to the male mice. Overall, 2 nAChRs played a significant role in glucose metabolism in the brain and IBAT.