Robotic Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Visualizes Segmental Schlemms Canal Anatomy and Segmental Pilocarpine Response

Abstract

PurposeTo use robotic visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) to study circumferential segmental Schlemms canal (SC) anatomy in mice after topical pilocarpine administration. MethodsAnterior segment imaging was performed using a vis-OCT sample arm attached to a 6-degree-of-freedom robotic arm to maintain normal (perpendicular) laser illumination aimed at SC around the limbus. Sixteen mice were studied for repeatability testing and to study aqueous humor outflow (AHO) pathway response to topical drug. Pharmaceutical-grade pilocarpine (1%; n = 5) or control artificial tears (n = 9) were given, and vis-OCT imaging was performed before and 15 minutes after drug application. After SC segmentation, SC areas and volumes were measured circumferentially in control- and drug-treated eyes. ResultsCircumferential vis-OCT provided high-resolution imaging of the anterior segment and AHO pathways, including SC. Segmental SC anatomy was visualized with the average cross-sectional area greatest temporal (3971 {+/-} 328 {micro}m2) and the least nasal (2727 {+/-} 218 {micro}m2; p = 0.018). After pilocarpine administration, the iris became flatter, and SC became larger (pilocarpine: 26.8 {+/-} 5.0% vs. control: 8.9 {+/-} 4.6% volume increase; p = 0.030). However, the pilocarpine alteration was segmental as well, with a greater increase observed superior (pilocarpine: 31.6 {+/-} 8.9% vs. control: 1.8 {+/-} 5.7% volume increase; p = 0.023) and nasal (pilocarpine: 41.1 {+/-} 15.3% vs. control: 13.9 {+/-} 4.5% volume increase; p = 0.045). ConclusionHigh-resolution circumferential non-invasive imaging using AS-OCT of AHO pathways is possible in living animals with robotic control. Segmental SC anatomy was seen at baseline and was consistent with the known segmental nature of trabecular AHO. Segmental SC anatomical response to a muscarinic agonist was seen as well. Segmental glaucoma drug response around the circumference of AHO pathways is a novel observation that may explain the variable patient response to glaucoma treatments.