Structural and thermodynamic analyses of human TMED1 (p24γ1) Golgi dynamics

Abstract

The transmembrane emp24 domain-containing proteins (TMED), also called p24 proteins, are members of a family of sorting receptors present in all representatives of the domain Eukarya and abundantly present in all subcompartments of the early secretory pathway, namely the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi, and the intermediate compartment. Although essential during the bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi, there is still a lack of information regarding the TMEDs structure, oligomerization propensity, and biophysics of their interactions with the transport cargo. Here, we describe the first high-resolution structure of the Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain of a TMED1 representative and its biophysical characterization in solution. The crystal structure showed a dimer formation that is also present in solution in a salt-dependent manner, suggesting that the GOLD domain can form homodimers even in the absence of the TMED1 coiled-coil region. A molecular dynamics description of the dimer stabilization, with a phylogenetic analysis of the residues important for the oligomerization and a model for the orientation towards the lipid membrane are also presented.