Arsenite exposure inhibits histone acetyltransferase p300 for attenuating H3K27ac at enhancers in low-dose exposed mouse embryonic fibroblast cells

Abstract

Epidemiological investigations have validated the positive relationships between arsenic in drinking water and several cancers, including skin, liver and lung cancers. Besides genotoxicity, arsenic exposure-related pathogenesis of disease is widely considered through epigenetic mechanisms; however, the underlying mechanistic insight remains elusive. Herein we explore the initial epigenetic changes via acute low-dose arsenite exposures of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and Dot1L knockout MEF (Dot1L-/- for abbreviation) cells. Our RNA-seq and Western blot data demonstrated that, in both cell lines, acute low-dose arsenite exposure abolished histone acetyltransferase p300 at the RNA level and subsequent protein level. Consequently, p300-specific main target histone H3K27ac, a marker separating active from poised enhancers, decreased dramatically as validated by both Western blot and ChIP-seq analyses. Concomitantly, H3K4me1 as another well-known marker for enhancers also showed significant decreases, suggesting an underappreciated crosstalk between H3K4me1 and H3K27ac involved in arsenite exposure. Significantly, arsenite exposure-reduced H3K27ac and H3K4me1 inhibit the expression of genes including EP300 itself and Kruppel Like Factor 4(Klf4), a tumor suppressor gene. Collectively, our investigations identify p300 as an internal bridging factor within cells to sense external environmental arsenite exposure to alter chromatin, thereby changing gene transcription for disease pathogenesis.