PiggyBac Transposase Mediated Inducible Trophoblast-specific Knockdown of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Mice Decreases Placental Nutrient Transport and Inhibits Fetal Growth.

Abnormal fetal growth is associated with perinatal complications and adult disease. The placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activity is positively correlated to placental nutrient transport and fetal growth. However, if this association represents a mechanistic link, it remains unknown. We hypothesized that trophoblast-specific mTOR knockdown in late pregnant mice decreases placental nutrient transport and inhibits fetal growth. PiggyBac Transposase-Enhanced Pronuclear Injection was performed to generate transgenic mice containing a trophoblast-specific Cyp19I.1 promoter-driven, doxycycline-inducible luciferase reporter transgene with a Mtor shRNAmir sequence in its 3 untranslated region (UTR). We induced mTOR knockdown by administration of doxycycline starting at E14.5. Dams were euthanized at E 17.5, and trophoblast-specific gene targeting was confirmed. Placental mTOR protein expression was reduced by [~]68% in these animals, which was associated with a marked inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling activity. Moreover, we observed a decreased expression of System A amino acid transporter isoform SNAT2 and the System L amino acid transporter isoform LAT1 in isolated trophoblast plasma membranes and lower fetal but not placental weight. Inhibition of trophoblast mTOR signaling in late pregnancy is mechanistically linked to decreased placental nutrient transport and reduced fetal growth. Modulating placental mTOR signaling may represent a novel intervention in pregnancies with abnormal fetal growth.