Human lung γδ T cells maintain functionality during inflammatory lung disease

{gamma}{delta} T cells provide mucosal defense against infection while also contributing to tissue repair. However, data regarding the effect of the human lung environment on {gamma}{delta} T cell functionality remains limited. To address whether lung inflammation impacts {gamma}{delta} T cell functionality, we analyzed lung and matched hilar lymph node (LN) tissue from deceased donors and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). We performed high-parameter spectral flow cytometry to examine the expression pattern of phenotypic biomarkers and assess ex vivo function. We identified lung-specific enrichment of {gamma}{delta} T cells with an effector memory phenotype relative to matched regional LN. We then used an ex vivo stimulation approach to interrogate the capacity to protect against infection (granzyme B [GzmB], interferon-{gamma} [IFN{gamma}] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and promote epithelial cell proliferation (amphiregulin [AREG]). We found that {gamma}{delta} T cells in lung and LN from deceased donors had similar functional properties. While {gamma}{delta} T cell populations from ILD lungs largely maintained cytokine production capacity, expression was diminished relative to LN counterparts. Importantly, lung {gamma}{delta} T cells maintained polyfunctional GzmB, IFN{gamma} and TNF expression across cohorts. Overall, we report human lung {gamma}{delta} T cells are regionally distinct with conserved functionality in a fibrotic environment.