Expression of Wilm's Tumor Gene in Endometrium with Potential Link to Gestational Vascular Transformation

Abstract

BackgroundWT1 is a transcription factor with versatile cellular functions in embryonic development, maintenance of adult tissue functions and regenerations. WT1 is known to be regulated by progesterone and it is abundantly expressed in endometrium, but its function is unclear. DesignWT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in endometrium of various physiological and pathological conditions. ResultWT1 was detected in endometrial stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in both proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycles. WT1 appeared increased in vascular smooth muscle cells in spiral artery in early pregnancy and WT1 was also detected in regenerative endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in decidual vasculopathy at term. WT1 expression was decreased in endometrial stromal cells in adenomyosis (endometriosis). ConclusionWT1 potentially links the hormonal (progesterone) effects on endometrial decidualization and may play a role in gestational vascular transformation during pregnancy and restoration after pregnancy.