EXCAVATE-HT: A Bioinformatic Pipeline to Identify Targetable Genomic Variants for Allele-Specific Editing

Abstract

Allele-specific CRISPR/Cas editing is a powerful tool with great potential for treating genetic diseases and for uncovering the effects of allelic diversity. By targeting commonly inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a small number of gRNAs can treat many more individuals than targeting rare disease mutations. However, current tools for identifying common targetable variants and generating CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNA) have fundamental conceptual and technical limitations. Here, we introduce EXCAVATE-HT (EXtracting Common Allelic VAriants for Targeted Editing in High-Throughput) a bioinformatic tool that mines population variant data to generate CRISPR libraries targeting genomic loci for allele-specific editing. Users define their loci of interest, Cas species, and SNP frequency, then EXCAVATE-HT outputs an annotated list of allele-specific gRNAs. EXCAVATE-HT can also generate libraries of gRNA pairs to enable excision. We illustrate the use of EXCAVATE-HT to design and characterize multiple gRNA libraries for allele-specific targeting of the disease gene, Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX). EXCAVATE-HT revealed multiple excisions that could treat >30-fold more patients than targeting a single CRX disease mutation.