Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates neurogenesis and microglia activation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the leading cause of death and disability in newborns with the only current treatment option being hypothermia. An increased understanding of the pathways that facilitate tissue repair after HI can aid the development of better treatments. Here we have studied the role of lactate receptor HCAR1 (Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1) in tissue repair after HI in mice. We show that HCAR1 knockout (KO) mice have reduced tissue regeneration compared with wildtype (WT) mice. Further, proliferation of neural progenitor cells and microglial activation were impaired after HI. Transcriptome analysis showed a strong transcriptional response to HI in the subventricular zone of WT mice involving about 7300 genes. In contrast, the HCAR1 KO mice showed a very modest response to HI, involving about 750 genes. Notably, fundamental processes involved in tissue repair such as cell cycle and innate immunity were dysregulated in HCAR1 KO. Taken together, our data suggest that HCAR1 is a key transcriptional regulator of the pathways that promote tissue regeneration after HI. Thus, HCAR1 could be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of neonatal HI and other forms of brain ischemia.