Cloud-based DIA data analysis module for signal refinement improves accuracy and throughput of large datasets.

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is a powerful mass spectrometry method that promises higher coverage, reproducibility, and throughput than traditional quantitative proteomics approaches. However, the complexity of DIA data caused by fragmentation of co-isolating peptides presents significant challenges for confident assignment of identity and quantity, information that is essential for deriving meaningful biological insight from the data. To overcome this problem, we previously developed Avant-garde, a tool for automated signal refinement of DIA and other targeted mass spectrometry data. AvG is designed to work alongside existing tools for peptide detection to address the reliability and quantitative suitability of signals extracted for the identified peptides. While its use is straightforward and offers efficient refinement for small datasets, the execution of AvG for large DIA datasets is time-consuming, especially if run with limited computational resources. To overcome these limitations, we present here an improved, cloud-based implementation of the AvG algorithm deployed on Terra, a user-friendly cloud-based platform for large-scale data analysis and sharing, as an accessible and standardized resource to the wider community.