Lack of the glycine receptor alpha 2 increases striatal activity and motivated behavior

Abstract

Distinct developmental pathologies, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, exhibit impaired reward-motivated behavior. Key to proper reward-motivated behavior is dopamine-mediated modulation of striatal activity. The glycine alpha 2 receptor (GlyR2) is the single functionally expressed glycine receptor in adult striatum, and is therefore ideally positioned to modulate striatal behavior and cellular activity. Here, we report excessive appetitive conditioning in male GlyR2 knockout mice. We next show that depletion of GlyR2 enhances dopamine-induced increases in the activity of putative dopamine D1-expressing striatal projection neurons, while not affecting dopamine neuron activity. Moreover, we found that excessive locomotor responses to amphetamine in GlyR2 KO mice correlate with immediate early gene c-fos expression in the dorsal striatum. 3-D modeling revealed an increase in the number of activated cell ensembles in the striatum in response to D-amphetamine in GlyR2 KO mice. Taken together, we show that depletion of GlyR2 impairs reward-motivated behavior and altered striatal signal integration. This sheds important light onto the cellular mechanisms that underlie reward function, and pave the way towards novel therapeutics for the treatment of e.g. schizophrenia and addiction. Significance statementThe glycine receptor alpha 2 has long been studied for its role in development, with expression assumed to decline throughout adulthood in favor of the glycine receptor alpha 1 and 3. Yet, we showed that in the dorsal striatum, the glycine alpha 2 receptor is the only functionally expressed glycine receptor at adult age (Molchanova et al., 2017). In the present work, we show for the first time that the glycine alpha 2 receptor crucially affects striatal cell activity, which lies at the basis of reward-motivated behaviors, and which is impaired in many psychiatric pathologies. Indeed, a link between the mutations in the glycine alpha 2 receptor and autism as well as schizophrenia has been described, but a functional role for the glycine alpha 2 receptor in adult brain structures that are involved in psychiatric pathologies, was never shown before.