Dynamic chromosome rearrangements of the white-spotted bamboo shark shed light on cartilaginous fish diversification mechanisms

Yaolei Zhang; Haoyang Gao; Hanbo Li; Jiao Guo; Meiniang Wang; Qiwu Xu; Jiahao Wang; Meiqi Lv; Xinyu Guo; Qun Liu; Likun Wei; Han Ren; Yang Xi; Yang Guo; Qian Zhao; Shanshan Pan; Chuxin Liu; Liping Sang; Xiaoyan Ding; Chen Wang; Haitao Xiang; Yue Song; Yujie Liu; Shanshan Liu; Yuan Jiang; Changwei Shao; Jiahai Shi; Shiping Liu; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Mumdooh J. Sabir

doi:10.1101/602136

GenomicsbioRxivApr 8, 2019

Preprint

Dynamic chromosome rearrangements of the white-spotted bamboo shark shed light on cartilaginous fish diversification mechanisms

Yaolei Zhang iD, Haoyang Gao iD, Hanbo Li iD, Jiao Guo iD, Meiniang Wang iD, Qiwu Xu iD, Jiahao Wang iD, Meiqi Lv, Xinyu Guo iD, Qun Liu iD, Likun Wei iD, Han Ren, Yang Xi, Yang Guo iD, Qian Zhao iD, Shanshan Pan iD, Chuxin Liu iD, Liping Sang, Xiaoyan Ding iD, Chen Wang iD, Haitao Xiang iD, Yue Song iD, Yujie Liu iD, Shanshan Liu iD, Yuan Jiang iD, , Xin Liu iD

Abstract

Cartilaginous fishes have a very high phenotypical diversity, a phenomenon for which the mechanisms have been largely unexplored. Here, we report the genome of the white-spotted bamboo shark as the first chromosome-level genome assembly of cartilaginous fish. Using this genome, we illustrated a dynamic chromosome rearrangement process in the bamboo shark, which resulted in the formation of 13 chromosomes, all of which were sparsely distributed with conserved genes and fast-evolving. We found the fast-evolving chromosomes to be enriched in immune-related genes with two chromosomes harboring the major genes for developing the single-chain antibody. We also found chromosome rearrangements to have resulted in the loss of two genes (p2rx3 and p2rx5) which we also showed were involved in cartilage development using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach in zebrafish. Our study highlighted the significance of chromosome rearrangements in the phenotypical evolution of cartilaginous fishes, providing clues to inform further studies on mechanisms for fish diversification.

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