Viral vectors with cluster of differentiation gene promoters to target specific cell types in the brain

Abstract

Understanding brain function and developing targeted therapies for neurological disorders require precise access to specific cell types, but current methods are limited. Here, we report the development of cell-type specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors utilizing promoters of cluster of differentiation genes (CD promoters) for targeted gene delivery in the brain. We newly identified CD promoters that induce gene expression selectively in specific cell types in the mouse brain. These AAVs enable in vivo calcium imaging and chemogenetic applications in specific cerebellar cells, revealing distinct and shared roles of two types of cerebellar interneurons. Notably, chemogenetic modulation of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons using a CD promoter rescued social behavior and motor deficits in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Our findings demonstrate the utility of these AAVs in elucidating the functions of individual cell types in brain function and in developing novel, cell-type specific therapies for brain diseases.