An oomycete effector impairs autophagy in evolutionary distant organisms and favors host infection

An arsenal of effector proteins from plant pathogenic Phytophthora species manipulates their host from inside the cells. Phytophthora parasitica produces the effector AVH195 during an initial, biotrophic phase of infection. The protein transiently impairs plant immune-associated hypersensitive cell death in Nicotiana. ATG8 Interaction Motifs in the protein indicate that the effector targets the autophagic core machinery. We selected a photosynthetic microalga with a single copy ATG8 gene as an alternative model to dissect AVH195-induced autophagic perturbation. AVH195 slows down autophagic flux in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thus promoting the accumulation of cargo-rich vesicles. In yeast, membrane-associated AVH195 interacts with ATG8 from Chlamydomonas and with different ATG8 isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana. The overexpression of Avh195 in Arabidopsis promotes growth of both infecting P. parasitica and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, an obligate biotroph. To our knowledge, this report provides first evidence that an oomycete effector non-selectively targets ATG8 in different organisms from the green lineage to slow down autophagic flux for infection.