DLL4 and PDGF-BB regulate migration of human iPSC-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors

Abstract

Muscle satellite stem cells (MuSCs) are responsible for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Despite their differentiation potential, human MuSCs have limited in vitro expansion and in vivo migration capacity, limiting their use in cell therapies for diseases affecting multiple skeletal muscle groups such as muscular dystrophies. Several protocols have been developed to derive progenitor cells similar to MuSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), in order to establish a source of myogenic cells with controllable proliferation and differentiation capacity. However, currently available hiPSC myogenic derivatives also suffer from limitations of cell migration, ultimately delaying their clinical translation. Here we provide evidence that activation of NOTCH and PDGF pathways with DLL4 and PDGF-BB improves migration of hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors in vitro. Transcriptomic and functional analyses demonstrate that this property is conserved across species and multiple hiPSC lines, including genetically-corrected hiPSC derivatives from a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. DLL4 and PDGF-BB treatment had no negative impact on cell proliferation; cells maintained their myogenic memory, with differentiation fully rescued by NOTCH inhibition. RNAseq analysis indicate that pathways involved in cell migration are modulated in treated myogenic progenitors, consistent with results from functional profiling of cell motility at single cell resolution. Notably, treated cells also showed enhanced trans-endothelial migration in transwell assays. Enhancing extravasation is a key translational milestone for intravascular delivery of hiPSC myogenic derivatives: our study establishes the foundations of a transgene-free, developmentally inspired strategy to achieve this goal, moving hiPSCs one step closer to future muscle gene and cell therapies.