The type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons alters the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons.

A fundamental problem in neuroscience is how neurons select for their many inputs. A common assumption is that a neurons selectivity is largely explained by differences in excitatory synaptic input weightings. Here we describe another solution to this important problem. We show that within the first order visual thalamus, the type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons has the potential to alter the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons. To do this, we developed conductance injection protocols to compare how different types of synchronous and asynchronous GABA release influence thalamocortical excitability in response to realistic patterns of retinal ganglion cell input. We show that the asynchronous GABA release associated with tonic inhibition is particularly efficient at maintaining information content, ensuring that thalamocortical neurons can distinguish between their inputs. We propose a model where alterations in GABA release properties results in rapid changes in input selectivity without requiring structural changes in the network.