Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Prefrontal Mechanisms of Rule Learning

This study examines how rule learning affects prefrontal cortex activity in monkeys across different tasks, identifying both task-specific and generalized neural mechanisms.

The Periaqueductal Gray Selectively Supports Reversal Learning During a Flexible Discrimination Task in Mice

The paper uses fMRI in mice to show that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) supports reversal learning during a flexible discrimination task by updating value representations.

A Neural Population Code for Value in Human Orbitofrontal Cortex.

The paper investigates the neural code for value in the human orbitofrontal cortex and finds that a probabilistic, non-linear population code represents both value and its uncertainty.

Decoding of arousal and valence from fMRI data obtained during emotion inductions

This study decodes arousal and valence from whole-brain fMRI data during emotion inductions, revealing widespread neural representations and cerebellar/brainstem contributions.

Differential Contributions of Anterior Cingulate and Orbito-Frontal Cortex to action timing and its self-monitoring in rats

This study investigates the roles of the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in time production and error monitoring in rats, finding distinct functional contributions.

Exogenously driven neural reactivation of spatially matching visual working-memory contents

The paper shows that task-irrelevant visual cues can reactivate spatially matching working-memory contents, demonstrating involuntary attentional selection within working memory.

Precision Imaging for Intraindividual Investigation of the Reward Response

This paper investigates the reward response using intraindividual fMRI data, finding low between-person reliability and significant within-person variance explained by mood and alertness.

Neuroanatomy Reflects Individual Variability In Impulsivity in Youth

The paper investigates how neuroanatomical variability relates to impulsivity in youth using data from the ABCD Study, finding sex-specific and dynamic associations across multiple brain features.

Evidence for timing in the midsession reversal task with rats in operant conditioning boxes

This study shows rats use both local reinforcement cues and timing information in the midsession reversal task, adjusting behavior based on experienced temporal midpoints rather than trial numbers.

Individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder Exhibit Idiosyncratic Neural Responses during Social-emotional Processing

The paper examines neural responses in individuals with intermittent explosive disorder (IED) during social-emotional processing and finds idiosyncratic neural patterns compared to healthy controls.

Estimating chronological and brain age using risk-taking behavior under uncertainty

This study shows that computational models of risk-taking behavior can predict chronological and brain age better than traditional cognitive tests.

Policy precision reveals action-phase impulsivity in women with premenstrual syndrome during risk-taking

This paper introduces a computational framework based on Active Inference to study impulsivity in women with premenstrual syndrome, finding higher policy precision and phase differences in the PMS group.

Cognitive reappraisal of food and emotion cues involves common and unique neural contributions

This study identifies brain regions activated during cognitive reappraisal of food versus emotion cues, revealing both common and unique neural contributions.

Deep Recurrent Q-Learning Captures the Behavioral DynamicsObserved in Deterministic and Stochastic Task Switching

This paper introduces a Deep Recurrent Q-Learning model that learns to perform a task-switching task without explicit cues, showing behavior similar to non-human primates.

Cell-type-specific sustained value representations in the claustrum

The paper identifies two distinct neuron populations in the claustrum that encode reward rate and influence decision-making through graded activity patterns.

Endogenous Exogenous Competition Delays Internal Selection Across Cortical and Oculomotor Systems

This study investigates whether endogenous-exogenous competition leads to retro-capture in working memory, finding instead that competition delays internal selection across cortical and oculomotor systems.

Strong Reward Signals, Weak Transfer: Limits of Spatial Priority Map Plasticity Across Task Contexts

This study investigates how spatial reward learning affects neural signals and behavior across tasks, finding strong learning signals but weak long-term transfer.

Beyond model-free Pavlovian responding: a two-stage Pavlovian-instrumental transfer paradigm

The paper introduces a two-stage PIT paradigm to dissociate model-free and model-based Pavlovian responding, finding that model-based strategies dominate and are influenced by attentional states.

Positive Affect Modulates Early Valuation and Conflict Processing in Social Decision-Making

This study shows that positive affect speeds up decision-making and changes neural patterns during social decisions, using music to induce emotion.

Reward processing in children with Affective Dysregulation

The paper examines reward processing in children with affective dysregulation using ERP components, finding attenuated anticipatory reward processing and associations with AD symptoms.

Orbitofrontal circuits for context-gated reward predictions

This study investigates how orbitofrontal cortex circuits regulate reward predictions in different contexts using optogenetics and computational modeling in rats.

A Reinforcement Learning and Sequential Sampling Model Constrained by Gaze Data

This study develops an RL-SSM model constrained by gaze data, showing it improves prediction of choice-RT data compared to other models.

Neural correlates of combinatorial reasoning in prefrontal cortex

This study identifies neural correlates of combinatorial reasoning in rhesus macaques by analyzing single-unit activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during decision-making tasks.

Dissociable Microstructural Correlates of Learning Rate and Learning Noise in Gamified Reward-Based Decision-Making

This study identifies distinct microstructural brain correlates of learning rate and learning noise in reward-based decision-making using computational modeling and quantitative MRI.

Trait reward sensitivity and behavioral motivation are associated with connectivity between the default mode network and the striatum during reward anticipation

Overarching Programs that Frame Episodes of Focused Cognition

The paper investigates how extended cognitive episodes are controlled, finding that distinct cortical activity patterns emerge at episode beginnings and completions, suggesting a global neural program involved in task execution.

Value-Based Evidence Accumulation as a Transdiagnostic Marker of General Distress

The paper investigates if value-based evidence accumulation, measured via drift rate, is more strongly linked to general distress than to specific psychiatric symptoms.

Inferring Latent Behavioral Strategy from the Representational Geometry of Prefrontal Cortex Activity

The paper infers a latent behavioral strategy used by monkeys in a working memory task by comparing neural activity patterns with RNN models trained on different strategies.

Stimulus prior and reward probability differentially affect response bias in perceptual decision making

The paper investigates how stimulus prior and reward probability affect response bias in perceptual decision making using rats, finding that reward ratios have a more significant impact than stimulus presentation ratios.

Human goal-directed behavior is resistant to interventions on the action-outcome contingency

The paper tests how human goal-directed behavior responds to interventions disrupting action-outcome contingencies, finding that behavior remains sensitive to outcome value despite these interventions.