Basal ppGpp signalling by SpoT integrates metabolism with acid resistance
Yueyue Liu, Muriel Leandra Schicketanz, Xichuan Zhai, Ling Deng, Kenn Gerdes, Yong Everett Zhang
The paper shows that basal ppGpp levels in E. coli are actively regulated by SpoT and are essential for metabolic homeostasis and acid resistance.
bioRxiv · Feb 21, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology