Rebecca Daines

This study identifies key HA residues driving antigenic diversity in H5Nx avian influenza viruses through serology and in silico analysis, highlighting four significant residues for vaccine design.

Haemagglutinin of US cattle and goat H5N1 binds only avian-type receptors and fuses at pH 5.9; seven emerging cattle mutations did not switch receptor preference.

This study evaluates HA functionality of UK H5N1 avian influenza viruses from 2020-2022, finding they retain strong avian phenotype with low zoonotic threat.