Jiayun Yang

Bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to more efficiently use receptors abundant in cattle

This study shows bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to efficiently use NeuGc receptors in cattle, enhancing replication without significantly altering zoonotic risk.

The mammalian-adaptive PB2-E627K substitution preserves viral fitness of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in birds.

This study shows that the mammalian-adaptive PB2-E627K mutation in H5N1 HPAIV maintains viral fitness in avian hosts, increasing zoonotic risk.

Emerging Haemagglutinin Mutations in Bovine-origin H5N1 Influenza Viruses from Humans and Cattle Retain Avian Receptor Binding with Increased Stability

This study examines HA mutations in bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses, finding they retain avian receptor binding but show increased HA stability, potentially raising zoonotic risk.

Mutations in severe human H5N1 cases facilitate evasion from human mucus and antivirals

This study examines mutations in H5N1 influenza virus HA that affect receptor binding and antiviral susceptibility, finding reduced sialic acid binding correlates with mucus evasion and antiviral resistance.

The canine respiratory epithelium is a permissive ecosystem for influenza interspecies transmission and emergence

This study shows that the canine respiratory tract supports influenza A virus replication and could facilitate interspecies transmission and emergence of new IAVs.

Polymerase mutations underlie early adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus to dairy cattle and other mammals.

Cattle B3.13 H5N1 polymerase gained PB2 M631L and PA K497R, boosting replication in bovine and human cells via better bovine ANP32A use; later PB2 E627K and D740N add activity.

Investigating Factors Driving Shifts in Subtype Dominance within H5Nx Clade 2.3.4.4b High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza viruses

This study investigates the factors driving the shift in dominance from H5N8 to H5N1 HPAIVs in wild birds, finding that viral pathogenicity and immune responses differ between subtypes.

The cow udder is a potential coinfection site for influenza A viruses

The study shows cow mammary gland cells can support replication of multiple IAV strains and are susceptible to co-infection with human and avian IAVs, suggesting the udder may act as a site for viral reassortment.

Genetic reassortment and diversification of host specificity have driven evolutionary trajectories of lineages of panzootic H5N1 influenza

The G57 genotype of the BJ/94-like H9N2 lineage exhibits increased replication and virulence in chickens compared to the G1 Middle East Group B lineage

This study compares two H9N2 avian influenza lineages, finding the G57 genotype has higher replication, virulence, and transmission fitness in chickens than the G1-B lineage.

The Haemagglutinin Gene of Bovine Origin H5N1 Influenza Viruses Currently Retains an Avian Influenza Virus phenotype.

Haemagglutinin of US cattle and goat H5N1 binds only avian-type receptors and fuses at pH 5.9; seven emerging cattle mutations did not switch receptor preference.

The Haemagglutinin Genes of the UK Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2020 to 2022 Retain Strong Avian Phenotype

This study evaluates HA functionality of UK H5N1 avian influenza viruses from 2020-2022, finding they retain strong avian phenotype with low zoonotic threat.