Munir Iqbal

This study shows bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to efficiently use NeuGc receptors in cattle, enhancing replication without significantly altering zoonotic risk.

This study shows that the mammalian-adaptive PB2-E627K mutation in H5N1 HPAIV maintains viral fitness in avian hosts, increasing zoonotic risk.

This study examines HA mutations in bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses, finding they retain avian receptor binding but show increased HA stability, potentially raising zoonotic risk.

This study examines mutations in H5N1 influenza virus HA that affect receptor binding and antiviral susceptibility, finding reduced sialic acid binding correlates with mucus evasion and antiviral resistance.

This study shows that the canine respiratory tract supports influenza A virus replication and could facilitate interspecies transmission and emergence of new IAVs.

This study shows that prior IBDV infection in chickens increases IAV replication, prolongs viral shedding, and raises amino acid substitutions in mallard H3N8 IAV.

Cattle B3.13 H5N1 polymerase gained PB2 M631L and PA K497R, boosting replication in bovine and human cells via better bovine ANP32A use; later PB2 E627K and D740N add activity.

This study shows that H5N1 viruses' ability to adapt to bovine cells varies across genotypes and time, with key mutations in PB2 playing a role.

This study investigates the factors driving the shift in dominance from H5N8 to H5N1 HPAIVs in wild birds, finding that viral pathogenicity and immune responses differ between subtypes.

The study shows cow mammary gland cells can support replication of multiple IAV strains and are susceptible to co-infection with human and avian IAVs, suggesting the udder may act as a site for viral reassortment.

This study identifies key HA residues driving antigenic diversity in H5Nx avian influenza viruses through serology and in silico analysis, highlighting four significant residues for vaccine design.

This study compares two H9N2 avian influenza lineages, finding the G57 genotype has higher replication, virulence, and transmission fitness in chickens than the G1-B lineage.

Haemagglutinin of US cattle and goat H5N1 binds only avian-type receptors and fuses at pH 5.9; seven emerging cattle mutations did not switch receptor preference.

This study examines how different vaccination and infection regimes in chickens affect their H9N2-specific IgM and IgY antibody repertoires, revealing public and private clonal responses.

This study evaluates HA functionality of UK H5N1 avian influenza viruses from 2020-2022, finding they retain strong avian phenotype with low zoonotic threat.