γLinolenic Acid Induces a Vitamin D Receptor-Independent Mineralization Program by Activating CaMKII--SMAD2/3 Pathway in Calvarial Osteoblasts
Trisha Biswas, Chen Chongtham, Namaste Kumari…·Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar Arimbasseri
This study identifies a VDR-independent mineralization pathway in osteoblasts induced by γ-linolenic acid through the CaMKII-SMAD2/3 pathway, offering a metabolic strategy to restore bone formation under vitamin D deficiency.