γLinolenic Acid Induces a Vitamin D Receptor-Independent Mineralization Program by Activating CaMKII--SMAD2/3 Pathway in Calvarial Osteoblasts
Trisha Biswas, Chen Chongtham, Namaste Kumari, Yatin Saneja, Neeraj Kumar Yadav, Jaswinder Singh Maras, Siddhesh S. Kamat, Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar Arimbasseri
This study identifies a VDR-independent mineralization pathway in osteoblasts induced by γ-linolenic acid through the CaMKII-SMAD2/3 pathway, offering a metabolic strategy to restore bone formation under vitamin D deficiency.
bioRxiv · Sep 2, 2026 · PreprintPhysiology