SSNA1 stabilizes dynamic microtubules and detects microtubule damage

Abstract

Sjogrens Syndrome Nuclear Autoantigen 1 (SSNA1/NA14) is a microtubule-associated protein with important functions in cilia, dividing cells and developing neurons. However, the direct effects of SSNA1 on microtubules are not known. We employed in vitro reconstitution with purified proteins and TIRF microscopy to investigate the activity of human SSNA1 on dynamic microtubule ends and lattices. We find that SSNA1 modulates all parameters of microtubule dynamic instability - slowing down the rates of growth, shrinkage and catastrophe, and promoting rescue. SSNA1 accumulation on dynamic microtubule ends correlates with the growth rate slow-down. Furthermore, SSNA1 prevents catastrophe when soluble tubulin is removed or sequestered by Op18/Stathmin. Finally, SSNA1 detects spastin-induced damage and inhibits spastins severing activity. Therefore, SSNA1 is both a potent microtubule stabilizing protein and a sensor of microtubule damage; activities that likely underlie SSNA1s cellular functions.