The interaction between non-fusogenic Sec22b-Stx complexes and Extended-Synaptotagmins promotes neurite growth and ramification

Abstract

Axons and dendrites are long and often ramified neurites that need particularly intense plasma membrane (PM) expansion during the development of the nervous system. Neurite growth depends on non-fusogenic Sec22b-Stx1 SNARE complexes at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-PM contacts. Here we show that Sec22b interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum lipid transfer proteins Extended-Synaptotagmins (E-Syts) and this interaction depends on the Longin domain of Sec22b. Overexpression of E-Syts stabilizes Sec22b-Stx1 association, whereas silencing of E-Syts has the opposite effect. Overexpression of wild-type E-Syt2, but not mutants unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increase the formation of axonal filopodia and ramification of neurites in developing neurons. This effect is inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, expression of Sec22b Longin domain and a Sec22b mutant with extended linker between SNARE and transmembrane domains. We conclude that Sec22b-Stx1 ER-PM contact sites contribute to PM expansion by interacting with lipid transfer proteins such as E-Syts.