Targeted DamID in C. elegans reveals a role for LIN-22 and NHR-25 in epidermal cell differentiation

Abstract

Transcription factors are key players in gene networks controlling cell fate specification during development. In multicellular organisms, they can display complex patterns of expression and binding to their targets, which necessitates tissue-specific characterisation of transcription factor-target interactions. Here, we focus on C. elegans seam cell development, which is used as a model of robust epidermal stem cell patterning. Despite our knowledge of multiple transcription factors playing a role in epidermal development, the composition of the gene network underlying cell fate patterning remains largely unknown. We introduce Targeted DamID (TaDa) that allows tissue-specific transcription factor target identification in intact C. elegans animals without cell isolation. We employ this method to recover putative targets in the epidermis for two transcription factors, the HES1 homologue LIN-22 and the NR5A1/2 nuclear hormone receptor NHR-25. Using single-molecule FISH (smFISH), we validate TaDa predictions and reveal a role for these transcription factors in promoting cell differentiation, as well as an unusual link between a HES factor and the Wnt signalling pathway. Our results expand our understanding of the epidermal gene network and highlight the power of TaDa to dissect the architecture of tissue-specific gene regulatory networks.