Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies Dad1 as a candidate substrate of Hrr25 kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sister kinetochores are mono-oriented during meiosis I, ensuring that homologous chromosomes segregate to opposite poles, a process critically dependent on the kinase activity of Hrr25, a casein kinase. However, the direct substrates of Hrr25 involved in this mechanism remain poorly defined. In this study, we used a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach to screen for and identify physical interactors of Hrr25. The HRR25 gene was cloned into a Y2H bait vector, and its functional expression was confirmed by complementation of a temperature-sensitive hrr25-ts mutant. Screening independent Y2H libraries in three reading frames, followed by validation via reporter assays, restriction analysis, and sequencing, we identified six putative interactors: HED1, DAD1, YDR015C (from clone C1-5), REP1 (C2-15), and CYR1 and SYS1 (C3-7). Phosphorylation site prediction and AlphaFold 3.0 structural modeling identified high-confidence Hrr25 target residues, including S70/T73 on Hed1 and S63 on Dad1, S323 on Rep1, and S198/S527 on Cyr1, each located in structurally accessible and potentially functional regions. Plasmid-dependent assays confirmed that reporter activation in C1-5 depended on the presence of the prey plasmid, and restriction mapping demonstrated that C1-5 contained a full-length DAD1 ORF. Given Dad1s known role in DASH/Dam1 kinetochore complex and its function in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, along with previous findings that DAD1 mutations cause meiosis I defects, our data suggest that Dad1 may be a substrate of Hrr25. We propose that Hrr25-mediated phosphorylation of Dad1 could facilitate sister kinetochore co-orientation during meiosis I. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of chromosome segregation and identify Dad1 as a potential candidate substrate for Hrr25 in meiotic regulation.