AlbuMAX supplemented media induces the formation of transmission-competent P. falciparum gametocytes

Abstract

Asexual blood stage culture of Plasmodium falciparum is routinely performed but reproducibly inducing commitment to and maturation of viable gametocytes remains difficult. Culture media can be supplemented with human serum substitutes to induce commitment but these generally only allow for long-term culture of asexual parasites and not transmission-competent gametocytes due to their different lipid composition. Recent insights demonstrated the important roles lipids play in sexual commitment; elaborating on this we exposed ring stage parasites (20-24 hours hpi) for one day to AlbuMAX supplemented media to trigger induction to gametocytogenesis. We observed a significant increase in gametocytes after AlbuMAX induction compared to serum. We also tested the transmission potential of AlbuMAX inducted gametocytes and found a significant higher oocyst intensity compared to serum. We conclude that AlbuMAX supplemented media induces commitment, allows a more stable and predictable production of transmittable gametocytes than serum alone. HighlightsGametocytes are formed when asexual parasites commit to sexual differentiation. Sexual commitment can be promoted by environmental stressors in media formulations. Short exposure of young asexual parasites to the serum substitute AlbuMAX achieves high proportion of committed gametocytes that are transmission-competent.