The limiting DNA replication initiation factors Sld2 and Sld3 influence origin efficiency independent of origin firing time

Abstract

Chromosome replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated from roughly 300 origins that are regulated both by DNA sequence and by the limited abundance of four trans-acting initiation proteins (Sld2, Sld3, Dpb11 and Dbf4, collectively called \"SSDD\"). We set out to determine how the association of Sld2 or Sld3 at origins contributes to time of origin activation and/or origin efficiency using auxin-induced protein degradation to further decrease their abundance. Depleting cells of either factor slows growth rate, increases S-phase duration, and causes viability defects, without activating the S phase checkpoint. Chr XII is uniquely unstable with breakage occurring specifically within the rDNA locus. The efficiency of the rDNA origin is decreased while the onset of replication initiation is unchanged. We found that origin efficiency is reduced uniformly across the unique portions of the yeast genome. We conclude that the abundance of Sld2 and Sld3 contribute primarily to origin efficiency.