Ferroptosis is executed through caspase-5 cleavage of gasdermin E in ovarian cancer cells

Abstract

Ferroptosis, an intracellular iron-catalyzed form of programmed cell death (PCD) driven by lipid reactive oxygen species induced membrane damage, is mechanistically uncharacterized in its execution process. Here, we investigated ferroptosis execution in mesenchymal-like ovarian cancer cells treated with ferroptosis inducers ML162 and erastin. We showed that YVAD (a pyroptosis-associated inflammatory caspase inhibitor) and disulfiram (preventing gasdermin pore formation on plasma membrane) deterred ferroptotic cell death. Moreover, we also observed LDH release and IL-1{beta} secretion from ferroptotic cells, suggesting that ferroptosis involves a pore-forming process. Intriguingly, ferroptosis is independent of the canonical inflammasome pathway because caspase-1 is dispensable and not activated upon ferroptosis induction. In contrast, we found that caspase-5 was activated while caspase-4 was not during ferroptosis. In addition, depletion of caspase-5 rendered cells not responding to ferroptosis inducers. Also intriguingly, GSDMD, the well-established caspase-5 substrate, was not involved in ferroptosis. We instead detected GSDME cleavage upon ferroptosis induction and knockdown of GSDME reduced cell death induced by ferroptosis inducers. As caspase-5 activity was necessary for ferroptosis and caspase-5 directly cleaved GSDME, we conclude that the axis of caspase-5/GSDME executes ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells.