Characterisation of the RNA-Binding Properties of the MRSA β-lactam resistance enzyme PBP2a

Abstract

Analysis of RNA-binding proteome data from different bacterial species revealed many cell wall metabolic enzymes cross-linking to RNA in vivo, hinting that these proteins directly bind RNA. Surprisingly, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were also abundantly identified as putative RNA-binding proteins. The cell surface localisation properties of many of these proteins therefore beg the question at what stage of their cellular life cycle these proteins interact with RNA and what the functional significance is. Here, we characterised the RNA-binding activity of PBP2a, the alternative transpeptidase that confers {beta}-lactam resistance in MRSA. Using in vivo RNA-binding assays, we show that PBP2a interacts with hundreds of transcripts without apparent sequence specificity. Computational analyses identified a possible RNA-binding cleft in PBP2a proximal to its active site. Mutation of only two predicted positively charged residues located in this cleft substantially reduced cross-linking in vivo, implying that RNA recognition is largely dictated by RNA backbone interactions. While PBP2a does not regulate RNA steady-state levels, RNA-binding appears important for proper protein function: an RNA-binding deficient mutant exhibits reduced oxacillin resistance. These findings establish PBP2a as an RNA-binding protein in vivo and provide a framework to investigate how this non-canonical interaction may relate to cell wall biogenesis and {beta}-lactam resistance.