Tattoo ink induces inflammation in the draining lymph node and impairs the immune response against a COVID-19 vaccine
Arianna Capucetti, Juliana Falivene, Chiara Pizzichetti, Irene Latino, Luca Mazzucchelli, Vivien Schacht, Urs Hauri, Andrea Raimondi, Tommaso Virgilio, Alain Pulfer, Simone Mosole, Llorenç Grau‐Roma, Wolfgang Bäumler, Martin Palus, Louis L. Renner, , Santiago González
This study shows tattoo ink causes long-term inflammation in lymph nodes and reduces vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · Nov 25, 2025Peer-reviewedImmunology