Stephen M. Carpenter

The paper shows human memory CD4+ T cells recognize both Mtb-infected and bystander macrophages, with some TCRs specifically recognizing infected cells.

This study identifies IL-10 and type I IFN signaling as mechanisms that restrict MHC-II trafficking in Mtb-infected M2-like macrophages, limiting CD4+ T cell activation.

The paper shows that most Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells from LTBI individuals recognize infected macrophages, but some require exogenous antigen, and identifies effector functions associated with TB protection.