BioengineeringbioRxivPreprint
A universal plug-and-display vaccine platform for mucosal and systemic immunity using Bacillus subtilis membrane vesicles
Kimihiro Abe, Takehito Wakabayashi, Hiroki Kawabata…·Yukihiro Akeda
This paper develops a universal vaccine platform using Bacillus subtilis membrane vesicles that elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity against Yersinia pestis.
DOI 10.64898/2026.08.12.744535