Systematic engineering and machine learning analysis of intrinsic terminators reveal crucial nucleotides directly upstream of the terminator hairpin.
Charlotte C. Koster, Barbara R. Terlouw, Thijs Nieuwkoop, Sjoerd C.A. Creutzburg, María Martín‐Pascual, Miguel Paredes-Barrada, Panagiotis Kopsiaftis, Hans G. H. J. Heilig, Theo van Laar, John van der OOST, Nico J. Claassens
The paper systematically engineers and analyzes intrinsic terminators in bacteria, finding that an adenosine upstream of the terminator hairpin improves protein production and reduces read-through.
bioRxiv · Jul 7, 2026 · PreprintMolecular Biology