Estimation of Direct and Indirect Polygenic Effects and Gene-Environment Interactions using Polygenic Scores in Case-Parent Trio Studies
Ziqiao Wang, Luke P. Grosvenor, Debashree Ray, Tianyuan Cheng, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H. Beaty, Heather E. Volk, Christine Ladd‐Acosta, Nilanjan Chatterjee
This paper introduces PGS-TRI, a framework to estimate direct and indirect polygenic effects and gene-environment interactions in case-parent trio studies, applied to autism and orofacial clefts.
Nature Genetics · Jun 1, 2026Peer-reviewedGenetic & Genomic Medicine