Extrinsic noise acts to lower protein production at higher translation initiation rates

Any cellular process at the microscopic level is governed by both extrinsic and intrinsic noise. In this article, we incorporate extrinsic noise in a model of mRNA translation and carry out stochastic simulations of the same. We then evaluate various statistics related to the residence time of the ribosome on the mRNA and subsequent protein production. We also study the effect of slow codons. From our simulations, we show that noise in the translation initiation rate rather than the translation termination rate acts to significantly broaden the distribution of mRNA residence times near the membrane. Further, the presence of slow codons acts to increase the mean residence times. However, this increase also depends on the number and position of the slow codons on the lattice. We also show that the the slow codons act to mask any effect from the extrinsic noise themselves. Our results have implications towards a better understanding of the role the individual components play during the translation process.