Loss of function mutation of mouse Snap29 on a mixed genetic background phenocopy abnormalities found in CEDNIK and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome patients

Abstract

Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) is a member of the SNARE family of proteins involved in maintenance of various intracellular protein trafficking pathways. SNAP29 maps to the 22q11.2 region and is deleted in 90% of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). However, the contribution of hemizygosity of SNAP29 to developmental abnormalities in 22q11.2DS remains to be determined. Mutations in SNAP29 are responsible for the developmental syndrome called CEDNIK (cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma). On an inbred C57Bl/6J genetic background, only the ichthyotic skin defect associated with CEDNIK was reported. In this study, we show that loss of function mutation of Snap29 on a mixed genetic background not only models skin abnormalities found in CEDNIK, but also phenocopy ophthalmological, neurological, and motor defects found in these patients and a subset of 22q11.2DS patients. Thus, our findings indicate that mouse models of human syndromes should be analyzed on a mixed genetic background. Our work also reveals an unanticipated requirement for Snap29 in male fertility, and support contribution of hemizygosity for SNAP29 to the phenotypic spectrum of abnormalities found in 22q11.2DS patients.