Transepithelial/endothelial electrical measurement using a low-cost and customizable Arduino-based sensor

Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a label-free assay that is commonly used to assess tissue barrier integrity. Although commercial TEER meters are available, they are expensive and difficult to customize, which hinders researchers hoping to incorporate them in other research platforms. In the past few years, microcontrollers have risen in popularity for electrical signaling and general programming, of which Arduino is the most popular platform due to its scalability, simplicity and low price. This work presents the development of a completely customized, user-friendly and low-cost TEER meter that is Arduino-based and capable of continuous measurements and automated data collection. We demonstrate the stability of the instrument to measure long-term real-time barrier formation and disruption of an epithelial and endothelial cell line. The design simplicity and low-cost of the components make this technology transferrable to other laboratories for TEER and biological barriers research.