A fuzzy sequencer for rapid DNA fragment counting and genotyping

Abstract

High-throughput sequencing technologies generate a vast number of DNA sequence reads simultaneously, which are subsequently analyzed using the information contained within these fragmented reads. The assessment of sequencing technology relies on information efficiency, which measures the amount of information entropy produced per sequencing reaction cycle. In this study, we propose a fuzzy sequencing strategy that exhibits information efficiency more than twice of currently prevailing cyclic reversible terminator sequencing methods. To validate our approach, we developed a fully functional and high-throughput fuzzy sequencer. This sequencer implements a highly efficient fluorogenic sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry and underwent testing across various application scenarios, including copy-number variation detection, noninvasive prenatal testing, transcriptome profiling, mutation genotyping, and metagenomic profling. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that the fuzzy sequencing strategy outperforms existing methods in terms of information efficiency and delivers accurate resequencing results with faster turnaround times. One Sentence SummaryA fuzzy sequencer can exceed current limit of information efficiency of DNA sequencers for resequencing applications.