Phospho-regulation of the Shugoshin - Condensin interaction at the centromere in budding yeast

Abstract

Correct bioriented attachment of sister chromatids to mitotic spindle is essential for chromosome segregation. The conserved protein shugoshin (Sgo1) contributes in budding yeast to biorientation by recruiting the protein phosphatase PP2A-Rts1 and the condensin complex to centromeres. Using peptide prints, we identified a Serine-Rich Motif (SRM) of Sgo1 that mediates the interaction with condensin and is essential for centromeric condensin recruitment and the establishment of biorientation. We show that the interaction is regulated via phosphorylation within the SRM and we determined the phospho-sites using mass spectrometry. Analysis of the phosphomimicking and phosphoresistant mutants revealed that SRM phosphorylation disrupts the shugoshin - condensin interaction. We present an evidence that Mps1, a central kinase in the spindle assembly checkpoint, directly phosphorylates Sgo1 within the SRM to regulate the interaction with condensin and thereby condensin localization to centromeres. Our findings identify novel mechanisms that control shugoshin activity at the centromere in budding yeast. Author summaryProper chromosome segregation in eukaryotes is ensured through correct attachment of the spindle microtubules to the centromeric chromosomal regions. The attachment is mediated via the multimolecular proteinaceous complex called kinetochore and precisely regulated. This enables the establishment of so called bioirentation, when each sister chromatid is attached to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. Shugoshin (Sgo1) is a conserved centromeric protein that facilitates biorientation through its interactions with the protein phosphatase PP2A/Rts1, chromosome passanger complex and centromeric condensin. Here, we identified a serin-rich motif that is required for the interaction of shugoshin with the condensin complex. We show that loss of this region impairs condensin enrichment at the centromere, chromosome biorientation, segregation as well as the function of the chromosome passanger complex in the error correction. Moreover, the interaction is phosphoregulated, as phosphorylation of the serin-rich motif on Sgo1 disrupts its interaction with condensin. Finally, we show that the conserved spindle assembly checkpoint kinase Mps1 is responsible for this phosphorylation. Our findings uncover novel regulatory mechanisms that facilitate proper chromosome segregation.