Nuclear Factor Y controls epithelial growth by regulating mTOR in the Drosophila midgut

The intestinal epithelial lining is highly dynamic, with size and cellular composition adapting to nutrient status. This requires regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and enterocyte (EC) size. How the absorptive area of the intestine matches physiological nutrient conditions remains unclear. Here, we show that the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor plays a role in this process. NF-Y loss-of-function (LOF) in ISCs led to high proliferation and cell growth, a phenotype influenced by dietary nutrients. NF-Y LOF also increased nutrient metabolism, shown by more mitochondria and larger lipid droplets in progenitors. Mechanistically, NF-Y restrains mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity in ISC by controlling transcription of mTORC1 signaling components such as Iml1 and Sestrin. Overall, our results demonstrate that NF-Y limits excessive intestinal epithelial growth under nutrient-rich conditions. HighlightsO_LINF-Y is a cell-autonomous regulator of ISC activity C_LIO_LINF-Y restricts ISC proliferation and epithelial growth under nutrient-rich condition C_LIO_LINF-Y regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid storage in progenitors C_LIO_LINF-Y limits mTORC1 activity in progenitors C_LI