Structure and dynamics of the central lipid pool and protein components of the bacterial holo-translocon

Abstract

The bacterial Sec translocon, SecYEG, associates with accessory proteins YidC and the SecDF-YajC subcomplex to form the bacterial holo-translocon (HTL). The HTL is a dynamic and flexible protein transport machine capable of coordinating protein secretion across the membrane, and efficient lateral insertion of nascent membrane proteins. It has been hypothesized that a central lipid core facilitates the controlled passage of membrane proteins into the bilayer, ensuring efficient formation of their native state. By performing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on protein solubilized in match-out deuterated detergent, we have been able to interrogate a naked HTL complex, with the scattering contribution of the surrounding detergent micelle rendered invisible. Such an approach has allowed the confirmation of a lipid core within the HTL, which accommodates between 8 and 29 lipids. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the HTL also demonstrate a dynamic, central pool of lipids. An opening at this lipid rich region between YidC and the SecY lateral gate may provide an exit gateway for newly synthesized, correctly oriented, membrane protein helices to emerge from the HTL.