Dynamic coordination of the lever-arm swing of human myosin II in thick filaments on actin

Muscle myosins work in motor ensembles and must adapt their power stroke in response to mechanical actions by surrounding motors. Understanding the coordination of power strokes is essential for bridging microscopic molecular functions and macroscopic muscle contractions, but the details of this phenomenon remain elusive. Here we used high-speed atomic force microscopy to visualize the individual dynamics (lever-arm swing) of the myosin head bound to actin in DNA origami-based synthetic thick filaments. We observed spatially local lever-arm coordination, and our three-dimensional numerical model explained how mechanical communication between myosins achieved coordination. In a sarcomere model, the local coordination was spatially periodic and propagated toward the contraction direction. We confirmed that a structural mismatch between myosin head spacing (42.8 nm) and the actin helical pitch (37 nm) caused the coordination while improving contraction speed and energy efficiency. Our findings reveal a key physical basis of efficient muscle contraction.