Androgen receptors expressed in the primary sensory neurons regulate mechanical pain sensitivity

The expression of hormonal receptors in pain-processing regions complicates understanding the hormonal effects on pain mechanisms. This study investigates androgen receptor (AR) involvement in pain sensitivity and sex differences in pain perception. Mechanical pain thresholds were higher in normal male mice compared to gonadectomized (GDX) male and normal female mice, correlating with serum testosterone levels. In the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), AR was expressed in normal males but undetectable in GDX males and normal females. In male sensory neuron-selective AR conditional knockout (AR-cKO) mice, mechanical pain thresholds were significantly lower than in wild-type males. In female mice, administration of testosterone propionate or dihydrotestosterone significantly raised mechanical pain thresholds, accompanied by increased AR expression in the DRG. This effect was abolished in AR-cKO females, consistent with male findings. These results indicate that primary sensory neurons are critical targets of androgen signaling in regulating mechanical pain sensitivity.