Methamphetamine enhances caveolar transport of therapeutic drugs across the rodent blood-brain barrier

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multifactorial and multicellular vascular interface separating the systemic environment from the central nervous system (CNS). It gates cerebral penetration of circulating molecules and cells and is the principal reason for low accumulation of many therapeutics in the brain. Low dose methamphetamine (METH) induces fluid phase transcytosis across the BBB in vitro and could therefore be used to enhance CNS drug delivery. Here we show, that low dose intravascular METH induced significant leakage exclusively via caveolar transport at the intact BBB in rodents ex vivo. Notably, METH-induced leakage was suppressed at 4{degrees}C and in Caveolin-1 (CAV1) knockout mice. Furthermore, METH strongly enhanced brain penetration of therapeutic molecules, namely doxorubicin (DOX), a small chemotherapeutic agent, and aflibercept (AFL), a ca. 100 kDA recombinant protein. Lastly, METH improved the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in a mouse model of human glioblastoma (GBM), as measured by a 25% increase in median survival time (p = 0.0024). Collectively, our data indicated that METH can facilitate preclinical assessment of novel experimental treatments and has the potential to enhance drug delivery to the diseased CNS.